Research Article

A note on the construction of non-spatial frames

DOI: 10.2989/16073606.2025.2474697
Author(s): Abolghasem Karimi Feizabadi Islamic Azad University, Iran, Mahmoud Manafi Berlin College of Business and Technology (BCBT), Germany, Inderasan Naidoo University of South Africa (UNISA), South Africa,

Abstract

We introduce a new type of ideal, which we term a ζ-ideal (zeta-ideal), on a topological space. We present examples of ζ-ideals and study their properties. ζ-Ideals are shown to provide a new paradigm for constructing non-spatial frames. Beyond that, we map out an intrinsic design of a process that removes the given points from an arbitrary topological space to obtain a frame without those points. We also define the concept of a kernel of a ζ-ideal and characterise spatiality of newly constructed frames using ζ-ideals and their kernels.

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