Identification of factors influencing electricity consumption in Yaoundé City, Cameroon

Abstract

This study explores the factors influencing household electricity consumption in Yaoundé, Cameroon, where energy poverty, frequent power cuts and high tariffs pose major challenges to ensuring reliable, affordable and permanent access to electricity for populations, given the energy potential the country enjoys. Using a multinomial logistic regression model, the analysis reveals that the number of occupants, rooms, size of dwelling and number of electrical appliances have a significant impact on consumption, particularly in the low and medium consumption segments. The model explains 62% of the variation in consumption, leaving 38% unexplained, suggesting the need to explore other factors such as energy behaviour. The study recommends various measures to improve energy efficiency, including banning the import of second-hand appliances, encouraging the purchase of new appliances through tax adjustments, and awareness-raising campaigns targeted by consumption segment. For low-consumption households, the focus could be on adopting energy-efficient appliances, while for high-consumption segments, demand reduction at peak times could be encouraged. These strategies aim to improve energy efficiency and electricity conservation. Although focused on Yaoundé, this study could be applied to other cities in Cameroon and sub-Saharan Africa facing similar challenges, thus promoting an integrated approach to strengthening regional energy sustainability.