Upward social comparisons on social networking sites (SNSs) and subjective well-being: The mediating role of envy

Abstract

This study examined the mediating role of envy in the relationship between upward social comparison on social networking sites (SNSs) and subjective well-being. Participants were 1 078 college students (male = 46.01%, female = 53.99%; freshmen = 27.18%, sophomores = 26.44%; juniors = 24.86%, seniors = 21.52%; mean age = 19.74 years, SD = 1.26 years). They completed measures of the Upward Social Comparison Scale, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Scale, and the adapted Facebook Envy Scale. The PROCESS mediation analysis results indicated higher upward social comparison on SNSs was associated with lower subjective well-being. Envy played a mediating role in the relationship between upward social comparison on SNSs and subjective well-being. These findings are consistent with social comparison theory, which indicates that negative social comparisons will trigger emotional distress which could impair psychosocial adaptation. From these findings, we conclude that improving individual well-being in the internet era requires a healthy attitude towards online resources and with self-appreciation.