Echoes of a malende rhythmic prototype: from traditional culture to both popular and African art music

Abstract

Musical practices play a vital role in establishing a distinct indigenous identity within a culture. This paper presents an investigation of Venda culture based on participant interviews, as well as performance and music score analyses. It delves into the widespread practice among composers and musicians of borrowing and quoting traditional rhythmic and melodic elements, especially in the context of African art music. Identity plays a crucial role for musicians who incorporate cultural signifiers from their heritage into their compositions. This paper focuses on a rhythmic figure prominent in the malende music style, a core element found in various Venda musical traditions. Drawing on relevant literature and interviews, the paper explores how popular Venda musicians and African art music composers utilise this fundamental rhythmic prototype. The analysis reveals differences in the acculturation process, creative impetus and stylistic approaches between the two groups.