Death euphemisms on tombstones: A case of the Vhavenḓa’s metaphorical conceptualisation of death

Abstract

Direct reference to death has long been taboo in Tshivenḓa culture, and it is sanctioned by social, psychological and religious constraints. Like in other African societies, explicit reference to death is considered a taboo by the Vhavenḓa. This is because the Vhavenḓa view death as a transition from the land of the living to the land of the dead, which ultimately foregrounds their belief that a dead person transforms into an ancestor who has the power to care, protect, bless and even curse the living. Consequently, the subject of death and reference to it is treated as sacred among the Vhavenḓa. For this reason, the Vhavenḓa utilise euphemisms when discussing death. Against this backdrop, this qualitative study explored whether death-related conceptual metaphors on tombstones in Tshivenḓa lessen pain and the impact of death on those affected using the framework of the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). A corpus of 160 epitaphs from the Khubvi Cemetery in Thulamela Local Municipality served as the source of the study’s data. The study’s findings showed that gravestone conceptualisations of death imply a favourable value judgment of human mortality and help those who are still alive cope with the loss and pain associated with death. The study lays the groundwork for further research into why conceptual metaphors of death emphasise the negative features of death, while language use emphasises the positive aspects.